During fieldwork
2. In-survey behavioural and response checks
Respondent quality continues to be evaluated during participation. Automated and manual checks help identify inattentive, inconsistent, duplicated, or potentially automated responses.
Duplicate participation
Respondent IDs, survey links, devices, IP signals, and source records may be compared to identify repeat or cross-source participation in the same study, including cross-panel deduplication where supported by the client or survey platform.
Interview timing
Completion time is reviewed against the expected interview length and the observed respondent distribution. Unusually fast interviews may be flagged for further review rather than rejected automatically.
Response-pattern review
Grid responses and repeated selections may be reviewed for straightlining, repetitive patterns, contradictory answers, or behaviour that suggests limited engagement.
Attention and consistency
Depending on questionnaire design, studies may include instructional checks, repeated eligibility questions, consistency checks, and category-knowledge validation.
- Instructional attention checks
- Repeated demographic questions
- Conflicting eligibility answers
- False-brand or false-product checks
- Category knowledge questions
Open-ended response quality
Open-ended answers are reviewed for relevance, duplication, gibberish, copied content, insufficient detail, and inconsistencies with the respondent's other answers.
Automated response indicators
Where appropriate, open-ended responses and survey behaviour may be reviewed for signals associated with scripted, copied, or AI-assisted participation. These signals support manual review and are not treated as conclusive evidence on their own.
Participation frequency
Where source and platform data are available, unusually high survey-attempt frequency or repeated participation patterns may be reviewed to identify possible professional survey-taking or respondent fatigue.